Статья: Определение толщины тепловой изоляции ограждающей конструкции здания на основе решения оптимизационной задачи (2026)

Thermal insulation is an integral component of the thermal envelope of a heated building, while the thermal resistance of building envelopes determines heat losses and annual energy consumption. The study focuses on thermal insulation in a multilayer building envelope. The cost of thermal insulation and installation works, the dynamics of thermal energy prices, and heat transfer processes through a multilayer plane wall are analyzed. The objective is to determine the thermal insulation thickness at which the total costs associated with the purchase and installation of insulation, as well as the costs caused by heat losses during the service life, are minimized. The proposed method is based on the Russian Code of Practice SP 50.13330.2024 “Thermal performance of the buildings”. For the external wall of a residential building located in Vologda, the optimum thickness of extruded polystyrene foam insulation was found to be 184 mm (required value: 92 mm), the optimum thermal resistance was 5.51 m²·°С/W (required value: 3.40 m²·°С/W), the minimum total cost was 13 880 RUB/m², and the optimum heat flux density was 9.80 W/m² (required value: 15.90 W/m²). Based on the optimization of the objective function, analytical expressions were obtained for determining the optimum thermal insulation thickness and the corresponding thermal resistance of the building envelope, including formulations based on heating degree-days, taking into account the capital costs of purchasing and installing insulation, as well as current thermal energy prices and their annual increase over the service life.